System of car operation by vapor-converters.



P. H. THOMAS. SYSTEM OF CAR OPERATlON BY VAPOR CONVERTERS. APPLICATION FILED mmz. I913.

Patented 0615.26, 1915.

3 $HEETSSHEET I.

P. H. THOMAS. SYSTEM OF CAR OPERATION BY VAPOR CONVERTERS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 22, I913- Patented Oct. 26, 1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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P. H. THOMAS.

SYSTEM OF CAR OPERATION BY VAPOR CONVERTERS. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 22. 1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Patented M26, 1915.

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e2 ill-vie THUIYEAS, Q1? UPPER MDNTCLAIB, NEW JERSEY, ASSZGNOR "10 CQ'UE'ER HE'WITYE. ELECTRIC CGMPANY, 0F HOBOKE'N, NEW JERSEY, A CURIGRATICFN 015 3313 1? 3 551% STEM. G15 @1111, QPERA'IIUN BY VAPQR-CUNVERTERS.

' llli' ylsfzin Specification of Letters Patent, I

Original application files August 2, 1905, Serial No, 272,352. Divided and this application tiled Serial No. 743,480.

To all whom-#0215551 come-m Be it kmnvn that 1 PERCY 151. THOMAS, a, citizen of the States, and resident of Upper Itirmtcleir, county of Essex, State of New Jersey, hsveinveetec. certain new and useful Improvements in Systems 0f 1.3m Operation by Vapor-(f0 jrters, of which the follmving s specificion.

The present invent on relates ts the s y plicctien e1 vapor converters to systems involving the operetien of moving cars from an elternati g current supply resin.

The invention contemplates empleyinge. single converter 01' 'twe or more converters in parallel with direct current motors in multiple er it is the ebject of the present invention to secure the wivsnteges of alternating current distribution to a o .rettely the points of utilization, such 0 of polygvhese or sing .1 phase transmission as desired at the same time te secure the ecenomy, the smell size, end the generally ievoreble ch .ecteris cs of direct can rent series motor, 1111s 1 sccemplish by utilizing" vapor reetifiers to secure the conversien of alternating t0 (1"; t current 11-11(1 further locate these rectifiers in the im1nediets neighborhood of the meters. 1". purpose ebteining these res-suns by utilising for the conversion of the eltemsting currents derived frees the source Vapor converters, and making use of the direct current thus predneed for the prepn sicn at at car or cars.

A number m? methods of sterting ere illustreteot in the drawings and in some of them no methcfl of starting the rectifier bulbs has been seoWn 1t net attempted te show all possible Instances cf starting, but any 01 those known in the art are eppliceble and may be applied,

My invention is illustrated in the eccoln' 'rectifiers "fed from transmission mains has ing different supply sources, ent 3 represents ystem SQRIQWhELt simi'ter to that 01"" Fig. 2 ntllizing a, three supply with eut at neutral conductefc.

In Fig, 1 is illustrated. e methcd e15 Opes-- r1 antics being; by means Patented Get, 261, 151 15,

January 22,

sting direct current n'rotors shown at 17, 17,

from a three-phase source of supply con-- nected with two trolley-wires, 1 and 1", and with e return earth or metaliic conductor, 2. The means of control are illustrated st 90, the same consistizixg essentially of chokecoils, 91, 92 and 93, surreending at common core, 94-. The voitilge in the receiving circurt is adjusted by means of groups 01 teensformers, 95, 95, intcrpdsed between the sup ply-circuit 1 1 and 2, and the receiving circuit. The vapor converters transmitting the supply to the seveml motors are shown at 96, 97, and 98. The controller, 90, is regulated by means of e pivetec'i arm, 5%, which can be operated fer lifting and lewering the core, 9 1, end. thereby adjusting the current delivered.

Each converter supplied with an in dnetence, 101, for keeping alive pur'peses and for starting purposes each converter is provided with e resis 102, and with it snap or qu1ek-breek itch, 103, already WeILknoWn in the art. Each converter: is else supplied with e starting benci, 10%, near the negative electrode which. starting banal is joined by a Wire, 1105, to one of tie leads to a positive eiectm'ie W"thin the core vcrtefr. The leads to the po. tive elect-re ies are themselves supplied w; e iniiuctences 106, as shown, pertiy for purpsses 0fregulzrtibn and partly for preventing short/c117 cuiting between the positive electrodes. 111' tive electrodes 15 of the sent! converters are connected to one of the imrewircs, 112, While the supply bus bars are connected through intermediate points,v of the transformer windings 114. with the ether bus-Wire, 113. By the means unheated direct current 1s sup giiieci to the buswH-es end, may be treesferredto suitable motorso'n a single car or -a-train ofjcars, as desired. I

In the middle portion of Fig. 2 I show a source," 115, of three-phase current connected to three positive electrodes, 116,116, 116, in the'vapor converters 117 and 118. The neg ative electrodes of the said converters are connected to the bus ,wire 112 either through sistances, as shown at'119. I

The system here illustrategi also supplies tothe bus-wires directcurrent for any preinductances as shown at 118, or through referred utilization. The neutral point of the source, 115, is connected to the bus-wire, 113, 15' I means, 175. .These means,l175-, may operate by a conductor, 120 and suitable connecting in accordance with the les of the a paratus shown at 11 1, 1145, at he left of this figure or of the parts shown at 107 in present Fig. l or according to any other one of the various means for connecting the neutral of the supply sourcewell known in the art. At the right hand side of Fig. 2 I show single-phase converters having-'3 positive elec-' a shunt motor. v

In Fig. 3 I illustrate a method of supplying direct current bus-bars from a poly-.

phase or single-phase current source, the method consisting broadly in providing each converter or group of converters with a transformer of its own, as distinguished from an auto-transformer. In illustration, the source is assumed to be three-phase.

' v From each phase a primary, 123, is taken,

the several primaries being provided with secondaries, 124:, 125 and 126. The terminals of the secondary 124: are connected to the positive electrodes, 127 127 in the vapor converter 128 the terminals of the secondary 125 are connected to the positive electrodes 129, 129, in the vapor converter 130 and the terminals of the secondary 126 are connected to the positive electrodes 131, 131, 131, 131, in the converters 132 and 133. The negative electrodes 15, 15 of the converters, 128 and 130, are connected through inductances 134, 134, to the bus-bar, 112, while the middle points of the secondaries, 124,

and 125are connected by conductors, 135 i and 136, to the bus-bar, 113. At the same time, the middle point of the secondary 126 is connected by conductor, 137, to the busbar 113 while the negative electrodes 15 03: the converters 132 and 133 are connected through inductances 139 and 140 to the bus bar 112. i

It is evident that each of the three-phases.

supplied by the sources of three-phase cur which may be applied in any suitable way to car motors or other translating devices.

The method of acceleration and control shown and described as applying to singlephase circuits are not intended to be limited to single-phase but may be utilized wherever suitable in connection with lpolyphase circuits and converters. It may sometimes be desirable to operate upon the same direct current system converters of different types or converters of the same type obtainlng energy from different sources either of the same kind or of different kinds. This case is illustrated in Fig. 2. The sources referred to need not necessarily be located at the same station, but may be located at different points. I

This case is'adivision of my application Serial Number, 272,352, filed August 2nd, 1905.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a system of electrical distribution, the combination with a three phase supply, three single phase rectifiers supplied by separate phases thereof, a common work circuit for said mercury vapor rectifiers and a separate inductance for each of said rectifiers whereby current is maintained continuous in each and the currents in the three phase supply are regulated.

2. In a system of electrical distribution, the combination of a three phase source of supply, a pluralit of single phase mercury vapor rectifiers ed from separate phases thereof, a common work circuit for said" rectifiers and separate inductances for said rectifiers whereby the operation of each is rendered independent of'the others. I

3. In a system of electrical distribution, the combination of a plurality of alternating sources of electricity, a direct current Work circuit and a plurality of mercury .vapor rectifiers connected between said sources and said work circuit, each rectifier having a plurality of main anodes, and means for causing the moments of maximum activity of similar anodes in the several rectifars to occur at different instants of'time whereby the uniformity of the rectified energ s increased.

4. In a system of electrical dis 'ribution,

the combination with a plurality of sources oi alternating current, a direct current work circuit and a plurality of mercury vapor rectifiers interposed between said sources and said work circuit, of means for causing the flow of energy in the several rectifiers occurrin at different periods of time to overlap w iereby a relatively steady rectified voltage is obtained.

cence 5, In a system of electrical distribution, the combinationwith a plurality of non synchronous sources of electric supply, separate rectifiers for said sources and a common direct current work circuit, of means o. rendering the current continuous in each rectifier. c

.6. In a system of electrical distribution comprising sources of non-synchronous altere suatiugelectric currents, a plurality of rectifiers therefor, and. a direct current work circuit, .of means for regulating the flow of current furthe several sources, said means comprising means for smoothing out the flow of current in the several rectifiers indiuidually. 7. In a system of electrical distribution, the combination with supply sources having diiferent numbers of phases, suitable recti- &

tiers for the several sources-and a common 20 'dlrect current Work circuit, of means tor controlling said sources of supply for the said common Work circuit.

8, In a system oft electrical distribution, the combination with. a plurality of alter- 5 nating sources of difi'erent character, mercury vapor rectifiere therefor, and a common direct current circuit, oi means for controlling the individual flow of current of one or more of said rectifiers.

Signed at New York in the county of New York and State of New York this 21st day of January A, D. 1913.

PERCY THOMAS.

Witnesses:

WM. H. Caren, Tnos. H. Bnourn, 

